Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Although it can be alarming for parents, early recognition and proper treatment can prevent complications and help your child recover quickly.
This article explains what a UTI is, how to recognize the signs in children, what parents should do, and how to reduce the risk of future infections.
What is a urinary tract infection in children?
A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, or kidneys. In most children, the infection affects the bladder, but in some cases it can spread to the kidneys and become more serious.
Young children and infants may not be able to explain their discomfort clearly, which makes early detection especially important.
Common symptoms to watch for
Symptoms of UTI can vary depending on your child’s age.
In infants and toddlers, symptoms may include:
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Fever without an obvious cause
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Poor feeding or vomiting
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Irritability or unusual crying
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Foul-smelling or cloudy urine
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Poor weight gain
In older children, common signs include:
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Pain or burning during urination
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Frequent urge to urinate, even when little comes out
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Lower abdominal or back pain
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Fever
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Blood in the urine
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Bed-wetting after a long period of dryness
If your child shows several of these symptoms, it is important not to ignore them.
Why do children get UTIs?
The most common cause of UTI in children is bacteria from the skin or bowel entering the urinary tract. Several factors can increase the risk, such as:
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Inadequate or improper cleaning after using the toilet
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Holding urine for long periods
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Constipation
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Low fluid intake
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Structural or functional problems of the urinary system
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In some cases, previous UTIs
Girls are generally more prone to UTIs than boys, especially after infancy, because of the shorter distance between the urethra and the anus.
What should parents do if they suspect a UTI?
If you think your child may have a urinary tract infection, do not try to treat it at home with leftover antibiotics or herbal remedies.
The correct steps include:
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See a doctor as soon as possible.
A urine test is needed to confirm the diagnosis. -
Follow the prescribed treatment strictly.
UTIs are usually treated with antibiotics. It is very important to complete the full course, even if your child seems better after a few days. -
Monitor your child closely.
Watch for persistent fever, worsening pain, vomiting, or unusual tiredness. These may indicate that the infection is not improving. -
Encourage rest and fluids.
Drinking enough water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and supports recovery.
When is urgent medical attention needed?
Seek medical help immediately if your child:
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Has a high fever and chills
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Complains of severe back or side pain
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Is vomiting repeatedly and cannot keep fluids down
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Looks unusually drowsy or weak
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Is younger than three months and has a fever
These symptoms may suggest a more serious infection involving the kidneys.
Can UTIs be prevented?
Although not all infections can be prevented, simple daily habits can significantly reduce the risk.
Helpful prevention tips include:
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Teach your child to wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
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Encourage regular bathroom breaks and avoid holding urine for long periods.
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Make sure your child drinks enough water throughout the day.
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Treat constipation promptly.
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Avoid harsh soaps or bubble baths that may irritate the genital area.
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Change wet or soiled underwear promptly and choose breathable cotton clothing.
For children who experience repeated UTIs, doctors may recommend further tests to check whether there is an underlying urinary problem.
Long-term outlook
Most children recover fully from a urinary tract infection when it is diagnosed early and treated properly. However, repeated or untreated infections may lead to kidney damage over time. That is why timely medical care and proper follow-up are essential.
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